Tourism industry is a context where the gap between culture and economy decreases, since beside its economic advantages, tourism is known for its socioCultural aspects. Among others, ecotourism is a form of tourism which is highly depend on Cultural activities and traditional tourist lodges is a recent answer to ecotourists' need of residency. With a sociological view, these kinds of lodges can be a context to the Cultural economy where authenticity matters. How could applying authenticity in these traditional tourist lodges, help Cultural economy develop? To answer this question, this paper studied the stakeholders' perception of authenticity, using deductive qualitative content analysis. To categorize the semi-structured interviews with 16 owners and 17 tourists, categories were extracted based on Gilmore and Pine's theory of authenticity. Results showed that presenting authenticity in these lodges should be continued in five phases: authenticity before starting the construction, authenticity during the construction of subjective elements, authenticity during the construction of objective elements, authenticity during the interactions, authenticity after tourist's leaving. Owners trying to present authenticity to their guests would help in the development of Cultural economy.

Cultural tourism is among recent postmodern approaches in satisfying the Cultural needs of today’ s world. This study investigates the dynamics of urban tourism places that can affect the attraction of Cultural tourists. Firstly, urban tourism places such as historical places were recognized by implementing an analytical approach, and a framework resulting from their constructing factors in the city was defined. Through analyzing the concepts and objectives of this research, the recognized places were identified as Cultural tourism places in the city. Secondly, the researcher conducted an analytical approach to identify how these factors influence Cultural tourist attraction using Cultural tourists’ experiences to complete the framework and the resulting analytical model. Finally, to examine the research hypotheses in an urban area, Paris City was selected as a case study. Cultural tourism places in Paris were categorize into three distinct groups: 1) permanent historical heritage and Cultural or natural places, 2) temporary historical heritage and Cultural or natural places, and 3) constant emergence of new art instances in the city resulting from revisiting the role of culture and substituting marginal artists and producing real Cultural scenes in different urban places. These three groups were assessed using Cultural tourists’ experiences to shed light upon the effect of factors constructing Cultural tourism placesas well as factors constructing experiences of Cultural tourists. Based on the analyses, the results indicated that Cultural tourists search for authentic experiences which come along with the presence of city’ s everyday life; such pluralist experiences which are creative in their today’ s origin that resulted from active participation of Cultural tourists in urban places. Such places are defined as connected factors of urban Cultural places separately or collectively. These places include historical, natural and contemporary Cultural public realms, local public realms, unconventional urban public realms, and recreational business public realms. These joined temporary or permanent open, semi-open and sometimes-close symbolic physical characteristics along with symbolic Cultural social actions; interactions with the presence of Cultural tourists and formation of Cultural meanings based on their understanding from the spirit of the atmosphere produce a symbolic framework. Surely, places containing Cultural meanings, such as artistic, historical, national, mythical, scientific, literary, ethnical, social and recreational, present Cultural tourists with authentic and pluralist experiences that derived from understandings the life style and Cultural meanings of the hosting society in different ways and can play effective role in attracting Cultural tourists. It’ s worth mentioning that applying such places as a temporary or permanent localities in holding festival activities and events or presenting and introducing them in informal events to separate production and nonproduction for them in city’ s everyday life experience, can lead to creation of different meanings and interpretations of such places that rooted in the identity of these places. Creation of such individual readings and having as many understandings as those who experienced the atmosphere in these Cultural places can be more influential in forming a creative meanings in attracting Cultural tourists. Other influential factors can be socio-economic factors that can be subject of future investigations.

2Various researches have shown that Iran's educational system does not pay enough attention to Cultural differences and mostly promotes the dominant and official national culture in an engineered way. The focus of these researches has been focused on the inputs of the educational system. The current research, relying on the mixed exploratory method, tried to examine both the inputs and educational processes in order to test the truth of this claim, whether such a claim is consistent with the reality in the educational system. In this way, in the qualitative part, first the teachers' lived experiences of the criteria that were considered for their selection and employment were analyzed (inputs), and then in the quantitative part, the teacher's success in the classroom was analyzed. It was predicted based on the mentioned criteria (processes). The findings of this research showed that scientific identity and ideological identity are valued in the recruitment of teachers, and because of this, criteria such as personal success, special privileges, and religious and moral foundations are put forward. However, it is only the teacher's personal success that can predict his success in the classroom. This shows that the ideological identity is only manifested in the inputs and is practically not institutionalized in the classroom and teaching processes. In this way, considering Iran's educational system as ideological does not match the realities of the educational system.

This study investigates the mediating role of mobile application satisfaction in the relationship between positive interCultural encounters, Cultural intelligence, and tourist experience. It addresses a critical gap in understanding how digital tools facilitate meaningful cross-Cultural engagement within tourism contexts. This applied, descriptive-analytical research was conducted among 371 tourists visiting Yazd Province, selected through simple random sampling. Validity was confirmed through convergent and discriminant validity assessments, and reliability was established via Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Multivariate normality was confirmed. Subsequently, the hypothesized relationships were examined using SEM in Amos24, employing the robust Maximum Likelihood (MLR) estimation method to ensure robust parameter estimates. Results indicate that while the direct effects between interCultural encounters and Cultural intelligence and tourist experience were nonsignificant, significant indirect effects emerged through mobile app satisfaction. InterCultural encounters positively predicted app satisfaction, which in turn enhanced Cultural intelligence and tourist experience.  Bootstrapping confirmed significant mediation for Cultural intelligence and tourist experience.  Mobile applications serve as pivotal conduits for transforming interCultural interactions into enhanced Cultural competence and enriched travel experiences. These findings underscore the importance of digital infrastructure in modern tourism management and offer practical implications for experience design.

This paper has taken the tourism development evaluation of Nour Township sample villages using cross-sectional survey methodology under consideration. Moreover, it studies the dimensions and effective characteristics in tourism stability. The study collected information using document and library methods. The target population of this study is target villages and tourism sample of Noor city. The study area (target villages and tourism sample of Noor city) has 14 villages and 1574 households. Based on Cochran's formula, 310 household heads were selected as the sample size. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using Spearman test and the barometric model. The goal of this paper is to answer the question: “ how is the stability evaluation in socio-Cultural tourism development in target villages, and tourism sample in the Nour township. For this purpose, the present study evaluates sustainability of tourism and the role of each factor in a time period (Spring Summer 97) by developing a practical method. The results of field research and evaluation of these indicators in rural areas of the Noor city indicate that there is a significant relationship between tourism development and sustainability of target villages and tourism sample of Noor city in socio-Cultural dimensions of existence and socio-Cultural dimensions of 0/488. It has a medium stability level.

Knowledge and perspective about Cultural studies have been debated extensively in the global academic spaces and partly within Iran. However, the pedagogical requirements of this tradition have rarely been a topic for discussion. As a matter of fact, Cultural studies’,project inevitably requires teaching critical skills and analyses in classrooms. Relying on educational experiences of the author, the current paper aims to introduce some major challenges in the process of Cultural studies pedagogy. Reliance on a formal teaching separated from social context, ambivalence and confusion on the concept of culture and Cultural theory, difficulties in providing critical teaching and drawing boundaries of popular culture are amongst the major challenges faced by academics attached with Cultural studies in Iran. It therefore can be argued that to be efficient and dynamic, and to preserve its distinction as a critical discipline, Cultural studies needs today to employ educational initiatives that not only serve multi-layered historical understanding of Iranian society and culture but also fit with a reformistic Cultural policy-making.